Currently viewing the tag: "Activity Based Costing"

cost to serve 1Supply chain management across industries is being revolutionized at a rapid pace by technology.  By implementing technology systems, supply chain organizations aspire to eliminate waste, meet customers’ needs at reasonable costs, and ensure profitability.  Enterprise Resource Planning systems facilitate in processing unstructured data at an aggregated level.  However, at workflow or micro level the data produced through ERPs needs to be further refined to understand costs.

Supply chain experts need to look at their unstructured data and understand the cost of offering a product; know which product mix they should promote; and gauge the impact of service levels on transportation costs, profits, and pricing strategy.

Supply Chain Executives can use the Cost-to-Serve (CTS) Analysis approach to control distribution costs, identify negative-margin products, and prevent profit leakages.  CTS Analysis affords the organizations the means to identify the total cost of serving customers—including all the costs in a product’s value chain (from raw material to delivery)—at the product as well as customer levels.  The approach helps leaders split and evaluate individual customers, geographies, products, product families, or combinations of products / customers.

The Cost-to-Serve Analysis can be undertaken to identify costs related to Supply Chains, Logistics, Distribution, Warehousing, or Transportation.  CTSA allocates indirect cost to products—overhead or fixed costs that are not easily and directly attributable to a single order, shipment, or activity.

The CTS model for costing entails detailed modeling of all the value and non-value added activities in the process.  The approach is more precise than other methods in determining “what-if” budgets, as it accounts for all the activities and link them with their relevant cost pools.  CTS employs an activity-based modelling algorithm—which segregates the entire supply chain into multiple tasks while calculating the costs at every task—to help the supply chain practitioners calculate costs at various levels.

The CTS Framework entails 5 fundamental steps:

  1. Obtain Buy-in from Key Stakeholders
  2. Conduct Cost Categorization
  3. Determine per Unit Cost Breakdown
  4. Develop Classification Matrices
  5. Make Joint Decisions

Let’s delve deeper into the first 2 steps of the CTS Framework.

1. Obtain Buy-in from Key Stakeholders

The first step to implement Cost-to-Serve Framework involves getting across-the-board agreement and stakeholder buy-in.  The decision to calculate the impact of cost to serve on revenue entails engagement and collaboration from multiple departments in a company.  Multiple cost centers work in partnership across a value chain and thus profit and loss responsibility cannot be attached to a specific unit.

For instance, a decision to trim down the costs to serve a customer (or various customers) has to be agreed upon by stakeholders from the:

  • Sales and marketing department to calculate the impact of service level agreements.
  • Logistics function to calculate the cost impact.
  • Go-to-market Strategy to ensure alignment with Corporate Strategy
  • Warehousing unit to ensure resource planning and allocation.

2. Conduct Cost Categorization

The 2nd step of the Cost-to-Serve Framework involves categorization of costs associated with the entire supply chain.  Supply chains typically have various cost centers (or functions): e.g., Procurement, Manufacturing, Warehousing, and Logistics.  These cost centers further have multiple processes with costs associated with all of them.  CTS requires top-down estimation of costs at the process and activity level and then aggregate those back to the cost center level.

This categorization of costs across the various functions of the supply chain and their associated processes facilitates in accurate calculation and obtaining estimates at the micro level.

Interested in learning more about the other steps of the Cost-to-Serve Framework?  You can download an editable PowerPoint presentation on Cost-to-Serve Analysis here on the Flevy documents marketplace.

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In previous articles, we have covered various PowerPoint template/diagram compilations that focus on business frameworks and management models.  Here are some examples:

This latest may be the biggest of them all — 100 Business Excellence Frameworks.  The total document spans close to 400 slides.

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Here is the full list of business excellence frameworks/methodologies covered:

  • 3 Cs Strategy Triangle
  • 4 Ps Marketing Mix
  • 5S Principles
  • 8D Problem Solving
  • Activity Based Costing
  • ADKAR Change Model
  • Agile Model
  • AHRI Model of Excellence
  • Ansoff’s Growth Matrix
  • APQC Benchmarking Methodology
  • ASTD Competency Model
  • Australian Business Excellence Framework
  • Balanced Scorecard
  • Baldrige Performance Excellence Model
  • BCG Matrix
  • Beer & Nohria’s E & O Theories
  • Blue Ocean Strategy
  • Branding Pentagram
  • Bridges’ Transition Model
  • Business Process Redesign
  • Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
  • Cause & Effect Diagram
  • COBIT 5
  • COPC-2000
  • Cost of Quality
  • Covey’s Seven Habits
  • Covey’s Time Management Matrix
  • Crosby’s Law of 10
  • Curry’s Pyramid
  • De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
  • Deming Cycle
  • Drucker’s Management By Objectives
  • DuPont Analysis
  • EFQM Business Excellence Model
  • Eight Types of Waste
  • Emotional Competence Framework
  • Five Principles of Lean
  • Four Stages of Contribution Model
  • Gemba Framework
  • Greiner’s Growth Model
  • Harmon’s Process-Strategy Matrix for Outsourcing
  • Harvard Model of Strategic HRM
  • Heinrich’s Rule on Safety
  • High-Impact Learning Organization
  • Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
  • Hoshin Kanri Strategy Deployment
  • House of Gemba
  • IMPA HR Competency Model
  • ISO 9001 Quality Management
  • ISO/IEC 15504 (SPICE)
  • ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management Systems
  • IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL v3)
  • Kotter’s Eight Phases of Change
  • Kraljic’s Purchasing Model
  • Lean Leadership & Kaizen Model
  • Lean Levers
  • Lean Management Model (TPS)
  • Lean Maturity Model
  • Lencioni’s Five Dysfunctions of a Team
  • Lewin’s Three Stage Change Model
  • MABA Analysis
  • McKinsey 7-S Framework
  • Mistake Proofing Process
  • NAPA Competency Model for HR Professionals
  • Nolan’s Stages of Growth for IT Systems
  • Ofman’s Core Quadrants
  • Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3)
  • PACE Prioritization Matrix
  • Payoff Evaluation Matrix
  • PDCA Problem Solving Process
  • People Capability Maturity Model (PCMM)
  • PEST Analysis
  • Porter’s Five Forces
  • PRINCE2 Project Management
  • Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
  • PricewaterhouseCoopers Outsourcing Model
  • Scrum Model
  • Senge’s Five Disciplines
  • SERVQUAL
  • Shingo Model for Lean Transformation
  • SHRM Elements for HR Success
  • Six Sigma Methodology
  • Strategic Business Planning Methodology
  • Strategic Dialog
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Talent Management Framework
  • Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
  • Total Quality Management
  • TRADE Best Practice Benchmarking Model
  • Training Within Industry (TWI)
  • Treacy & Wiersema Value Disciplines
  • Tuckman’s Model of Team Development Stages
  • Ulrich’s Five Rules for Leadership
  • Ulrich’s HR Competency Model
  • Ulrich’s Matrix on the Four Roles of HR
  • Ulrich’s Stages of Employee Connection to the Organization
  • Value Chain Model
  • Value Stream Mapping
  • Value-based Management
  • Xerox Benchmarking Model

This deck is a collection of PowerPoint diagrams and templates used to convey 100 different business excellence frameworks comprising key strategy, marketing and sales, finance, operations, IT, organization, change and HR models.

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